In the rich tapestry of Egyptian mythology, Set stands out as a complex, multifaceted figure. Known as the god of the desert, chaos and violence, his role is often misunderstood within ancient Egyptian culture and religion. This article delves into the world of Set, shedding light on his character and exploring his tumultuous relationships with the other deities of the Egyptian pantheon.
Introduction
Historical and mythological background
Ancient Egypt and its pantheon
Ancient Egypt was a civilization bathed in spirituality, with every element of daily life permeated by the presence and influences of gods and goddesses.
Creation myths and the place of Seth
Seth was often seen as going against the established order created by the other gods, playing a crucial role in Egyptian mythology.
Primary and secondary historical sources on Seth
We draw on ancient texts such as the Pyramids and the Book of the Dead , as well as the work of renowned Egyptologists, to piece together the puzzle of the Seth legend.
Seth's Characteristics and Attributes
Seth's Iconography and Representations
He is generally depicted as a complex composite creature called l'animal Set, possessing traits borrowed from various real or imaginary animals.
Set's realms of power: the desert and violence
Set rules the barrenness of the desert and embodies brute and sometimes destructive force.
Animals and symbols associated with Set
Creatures such as the pig, the snake and the hippopotamus are often linked to Set, symbolizing different aspects of his nature.
Seth's role in Egyptian Mythology
Seth, protector of the sun and the solar bark
Contrary to his reputation, Seth played a positive role in protecting the sun during its nocturnal journey.
Seth and cosmic order
Although associated with disorder, Seth was essential to maintaining the balance necessary for the world's existence.
Major mythical stories involving Seth
Several tales highlight Seth, including the eternal battle against the serpent Apophis.
Seth and his relationship with the other gods
Rivalry with Horus
Seth and Horus are often depicted in a battle for the throne of Egypt, symbolizing the conflict between order and chaos.
The murder of Osiris and the consequences
The most famous fratricide in Egyptian history triggered a series of significant events in mythology.
Alliances and enmities in the Egyptian pantheon
Although often in conflict, Set also forged alliances, underlining the complexity of divine relationships.
Seth's duality and ambivalence
Seth perfectly illustrates the ancient Egyptian vision of the duality of nature, embodying both destruction and a vital element of creation.
Seth's cult and its evolution
Seth's cult centers
Cities like Ombos were the main theater of worship activities dedicated to Seth.
Ritual practices and offerings
Celebrations in Set's honor included special rites and sacrifices to appease his impetuous nature.
The evolution of Set's reputation over time
The vision of Set underwent a profound transformation, from indispensable protector to malevolent figure.
Set in Modern Art and Culture
Set's influence on Egyptian art
Representations of Set in ancient frescoes and objects reflect his importance and power.
Seth in modern literature and cinema
Seth continues to inspire artists and writers, inviting the rediscovery of his legend.
Seth's legacy in popular culture
The constant diffusion of his figure in popular culture testifies to his indelible legacy.
Conclusion
Seth, an emblematic and enigmatic figure, continues to fascinate as much for his complexity as for his central role in Egyptian myths. Identifying his true place in the pantheon requires us to recognize both his beneficial contributions and his destructive aspects.
References
Appendices
Keywords: Set, Egyptian God, Egyptian Mythology, Egyptian Pantheon, Desert, Violence, Cult of Set, Divine Relations, Horus, Osiris, Egyptian Iconography, Egyptian Rituals, Ancient Egyptian History, Ancient Mythology, Egyptian Art, Egyptian Literature, Popular Culture and mythology, Research in Egyptology.