en

The folklore of goblins and gnomes in the Middle Ages

The medieval world is rich in stories and beliefs that fuel the collective imagination. At the heart of this mythological fabric are goblins and gnomes, enigmatic little creatures whose existence is intimately linked to the traditions and culture of the time. This article aims to explore the role and importance of goblins and gnomes in medieval folklore, and to understand their legacy through time.

Origins and etymology

  • Mythological origins of goblins and gnomes

Goblins and gnomes have their origins in ancient European beliefs , where each element of nature was often personified by mystical beings. These mythological figures embody folk wisdom and ancestral teachings from the land.

  • Etymology of "lutin" and "gnome "**

The term "lutin" comes from the Old French "luiton," related to light and glow, perhaps evoking their mischievous nature. As for "gnome", from the Greek "gnomos," it conveys the idea of knowledge, linking these creatures to the earth and the mysteries it holds.

Goblins and gnomes in medieval daily life

  • Roles and functions of goblins in folklore

  • Home protection: Goblins are often depicted as guardians of the home, protecting its inhabitants from evil spirits.

  • Mischief and mischief: However, their mischievous nature can also lead them to play tricks on humans.

  • Gnomes and mystical craftsmanship**

Their association with the earth and subterranean riches: Gnomes, linked to the elements of the earth, are renowned for their ability to navigate the underworld.

  • Perception of gnomes by medieval tradesmen: Miners and craftsmen, in particular, either revered or feared them as holders of buried secrets and treasures.

Representations of goblins and gnomes

  • Portrayal in Art and Literature

  • Examples of works of art depicting goblins and gnomes: Medieval painting and sculpture abound with these mischievous representations.

  • Famous stories and legends: Stories like Puck's and Rumpelstiltskin's are steeped in the mystique of goblins and gnomes.

  • Costumes and traditional appearances

  • Description of physical attributes and clothing : Goblins and gnomes are typically depicted in colorful clothing and pointed hats.

  • Regional diversity in representations: These characteristics can vary according to region, reflecting the rich diversity of the European imagination.

Religious and folkloric interpretations

  • Perspective of the medieval Church

  • Tolerance and condemnation: The Church has had a notable influence on the perception of goblins and gnomes, oscillating between acceptance and rejection of these beliefs.

  • Assimilation of goblins and gnomes with demonic figures: In its desire to Christianize beliefs, the Church has sometimes assimilated these beings with evil figures.

  • Superstitions and rituals

  • Practices to appease or ward off goblins and gnomes: Numerous rituals were put in place by populations to live in harmony with these beings or to keep them at bay.

  • Festivals and associated celebrations: Specific events were sometimes dedicated to these creatures, testifying to their place within society.

Goblins and gnomes in historical sources

  • Medieval documents and chronicles

  • References to goblins and gnomes in historical texts: Chronicles of the period, although rare, sometimes mention these fairy-like characters, giving us an insight into their social role.

  • Folklorists and scholars of the Middle Ages

  • Contributions to oral and written traditions: Some medieval scholars and storytellers played a key role in preserving and transmitting these legends.

Heritage and post-medieval evolution

  • Survival of post-medieval beliefs

  • Tale transmission and transformation : Tales of goblins and gnomes survived beyond the Middle Ages, transforming and adapting to new cultural contexts.

  • Influence on modern popular culture

  • Examples in literature, film, and games : These legendary beings continue to inspire authors, filmmakers and video game creators, testifying to their indelible impact on modern culture.

Conclusion

Goblins and gnomes are emblematic figures of medieval folklore, embodying the fears, hopes and imagination of an era. Their study offers us a window into the past, revealing not only how people interpreted the world around them, but also how these beliefs have been perpetuated and transformed over the centuries.

References

[List of primary and secondary sources consulted for the article]