The Aztec religion, practiced in what is now Mexico between the 14th and 16th centuries, was unique in that it accorded great importance to women. Indeed, in this religion, women played important roles in both mythology and religious rituals. But what was their place in Aztec society? This article aims to answer this question by exploring the different facets of women's role in Aztec religion.

Women in Aztec mythology

In Aztec mythology, there are many female deities, each with specific attributes and roles. These include Coatlicue, goddess of the earth and fertility, often depicted with a necklace of human hearts around her neck, or Xochiquetzal, goddess of love, beauty and fertility, associated with flowers and birds. There is also Tlazoltéotl, goddess of carnal love and healing, who was often depicted washing away men's sins. Finally, Malinalxochitl, goddess of war and agriculture, was considered a guide for warriors in battle.

Women in Aztec religious rituals

Women played an important role in Aztec religious ceremonies. In particular, they took part in rituals designed to honor the deities and ensure the community's prosperity. Depending on the source, it is estimated that up to a third of participants in certain rituals were women. Women also had specific roles in the various types of ritual, from preparing offerings to dancing and singing. Some women were even trained to become priestesses and assist the priests in their religious duties.

The place of women in Aztec society

In Aztec society, women occupied an important but limited place. They had specific roles in daily life, linked to the family and the home. They were in charge of meal preparation, weaving, raising children and managing domestic resources. However, they were often denied access to positions of power and the public sphere. Women could, however, be merchants or artisans, and some were even reputed for their medical knowledge.

Women in Aztec historiography

Historical sources on women in Aztec religion and society are often difficult to find and interpret. The accounts written by Spanish chroniclers are often biased and reflect their own vision of society. The human sacrifices regularly practised by the Aztecs have also contributed to their stigmatization, making it difficult to approach their civilization objectively. Researchers are nevertheless continuing to work on this subject in order to better understand the place and role of women in Aztec society.

Conclusion

In conclusion, women played an important role in Aztec religion, both in mythology and in religious rituals. In Aztec society , their place was essential but often limited. Finally, Aztec historiography shows us that the classic view of Aztec women as subalterns needs to be reconsidered. It is important to continue working on this subject to better understand and appreciate the complexity of the Aztec civilization.